English Journal Literacy Utama

A Scrutiny of a "Pathway to English Phase E” Textbook in Transitivity System

Benny Nugraha, Marwito Wihadi — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The research was focused on one of analysis systems in a systemic functional linguistics study, especially analysis of transitivity ecncountered and pinpointed by the writers in the “Pathway to English” textbook. The research objective was to discover the types of transitivity processes identified in the “Pathway to English” textbook . This study was a qualitative research with descriptive data in a discourse approach. The data were a respective genre found in chapter one until three. The research findings showed that not all types of transitivity were prevalent. It was found that the highest usage of the transitivity process was material process, which was shown more active, and the lowest one was meteorological because there are no clauses explaining what the weather is. The character in a text should be a subject and an object, so the researcher can determine whether the character is subject or object in the clause.

HOW THE PARTICIPANTS IN MENTAL PROCESSES INVOLVING THE VERBS “MAKE,” “TAKE,” AND “HAVE” REPRESENT THE MEANING OF CLAUSES: GRAMMATICAL METAPHORS IN A FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR STUDY

Dede Ismail, Anum Dahlia — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The transitivity system, in functional grammar, introduces seven processes. One of them is “Mental Process” that consists of three types: (1) affective, which represents feeling, liking, loving, and fearing, (2) cognitive, which represents the process of thinking, knowing, and understanding, and (3) perceptive, which involves the process of perceiving through the five senses such as seeing, and hearing. Participants engaged in the mental processes are Senser, someone who can sense, and Phenomenon, something that can be sensed. However, there is another participant, namely Range, when the mental process involves a grammatical metaphor. Grammatical metaphors occur in nominal groups that are paired with verbs that have no lexical meaning or are semantically empty, in this case, the verbs “make,” “take,” and “have.” This research aims analyse how the participants in the mental processes represent the meaning of the clauses when they are categorized as grammatical metaphors. The data source is the Corpus of Contemporary American English (2012-2017). This research shows that (1) the participants in the mental processes represent the meaning of clauses because they are categorized as grammatical metaphors, (2) because of grammatical metaphors, the participants in the mental process are the ranges, and (3) when the clauses do not involve the grammatical metaphors, the participants in the mental processes are the phenomenon, as commonly structured in the mental processes.

Key words: Mental process, grammatical metaphor, congruent form, non-congruent form

THE FEATURES OF WOMEN’S LANGUAGE IN “ENOLA HOLMES 2” FILM: A SOCIOLINGUISTICS STUDY

Dewi Ranida Wulandari, Puspita Sari — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to identify the features of women's language used in Enola Holmes 2 Film based on Robin Lakoff’s theory (1973) and to analyse the functions of women's language that appears in Enola Holmes 2 Film based on Judy C. Pearson (1985). The method used in this research is the descriptive qualitative research method, which discusses and observes the data source. The data analysed were collected by transcribing the film Enola Holmes 2. In total, there are 70 data collected from the data source. The collected data were then classified based on 10 features of women's language proposed by Lakoff in 1973. The results of this study show that 8 (eight) features of women’s language appear in Enola Holmes 2. The dominant feature that appears in the data source is lexical hedges or filler with 30 data in total (43%). Others are classified as rising intonation on declaratives for 13 data (19%), 7 data of tag questions (10%), 7 data of emphatic stress (10%), 6 data of intensifiers (9%), 3 data of avoidance to strong swear words (4%), 2 data of super polite form (3%), and 2 data of empty adjectives (3%). Then, the functions of women’s language found in the data source are to express feeling as much as 34 data (49%), 12 data to start discussion (17%), 10 data to express uncertainty (14%), and 8 data to get respond (11%). The function of women’s language that is less used in the data source is to soften utterance, 6 data or 9%.

AN ANALYSIS OF CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS THROUGH ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY WRITING

Ade Johan — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The information about the present students’ critical students is essential as the initial data of their critical thinking skills for improvement purpose. The unavailability of such test in medical record department, Faculty of Health and Technique Bandung University encouraged the researcher to use language learning, particularly argumentative essay writing as the medium to measure the skills. This study aims at investigating the level of critical thinking skills through argumentative essay writing and analyzing the perception of students on a language learning that requires critical thinking skills. The respondents are second semester students from medical record department numbering to 35 taken purposively. To collect the data, essay writing test and questionnaire were distributed. The resulted essays were rated according to rubric of argumentative essay and then categorized them into five categories of very high, high, mediocre, low and very low. To support the finding, the information from questionnaire was used. The result of analysis showed that the students’ critical thinking as implied in the essay is still in mediocre level and only 35% scored above the mediocre level. The students faced difficulties in supporting the ideas with relevant and credible arguments and in creating constructive suggestion or solution. It was also revealed that students with high and very high critical thinking skills preferred more language learning activities that require high order thinking and vice versa.

METAPHOR ON SONG LYRICS IN THE ALBUM “BORN TO DIE” BY LANA DEL REY: A SEMANTIC ANALYSIS

Nafiza Meilina Rahmat, Dianita Dianita — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to explore and analyze one of figurative language types; metaphors within the lyrics of Lana Del Rey's "Born To Die" album using a qualitative approach. According to Keraf, G. (2001). in Diction and Style (p. 139), "Metaphor is a kind of analogy that compares two things, but in the form of a short" (2001:139). Additionally, it focuses on identifying the various types of metaphors and understanding their functions within the context of the music. The analysis focuses on three types of metaphors: ontological, orientational, and structural, drawing from George Lakoff and Johnson's theory in "Metaphors We Lived By" (1980). Additionally, the study explores ten metaphor functions based on Karin and Robert Pittner's work in "Beitrage zu sprache & sprachen 2" (1998), encompassing expressive, cognitive, constitutive, ornamental, explanatory, aesthetic, heuristic, naming, referential, and persuasive functions. The research method involves a thorough examination of song lyrics to discern the contextual use of metaphors. Through the document study technique, data collection ensues, followed by a qualitative analysis to identify metaphor types and their associated functions. The research study on Lana Del Rey's "Born To Die" album on Spotify involves a preliminary study, problem formulation, and appropriate research method selection. Data collection involves analyzing lyrics, identifying metaphors, and categorizing data using metaphor theories. The study concludes with conclusions and discussion of findings. The analysis of metaphors in Lana Del Rey's "Born To Die" album reveals a total of 27 instances, with 10 ontological metaphors, 10 orientational metaphors, and 7 structural metaphors. Additionally, the study unveils metaphor functions, including expressive (12 instances), aesthetic (3 instances), cognitive (6 instances), persuasive (1 instance), referential (1 instance), constitutive (1 instance), explanatory (1 instance), ornamental (1 instance), and heuristic (1 instance). The anticipated outcomes of this study aspire to enhance comprehension regarding the pervasive role of metaphors in daily life.

Malaysian Students' Vocabulary Learning Strategies in Acquiring English as Second Language

Abdul Fikri, Irwandi — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to review the vocabulary learning strategies applied by Malaysian students in acquiring English as a second language. This research is library research. The researcher compiled the results of 5 articles about students’ vocabulary learning strategies in Malaysia. The researcher found that the most frequent strategies Malaysian students use is metacognitive and cognitive. Hopefully, these strategies can be applied by many learners in other countries to learn English vocabulary.

CONTRACTIONS AND PHONOLOGICAL PROCESS IN THE ALBUM"MEZMERIZE" AND "HYPNOTIZE" BY SYSTEM OF A DOWN BAND: PHONOLOGICAL STUDY

Vanela Kusuma, Ida Zuraida Supri — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

- Song lyrics have become an exciting medium for exploring language phenomena, including contractions and phonological processes. The use of contractions and phonological processes in the lyrics of the band System of a Down is the subject of this research. "Contractions and Phonological Process in the Albums "Mezmerize" and "Hypnotize" of the System of a Down Band: Phonological Study" is the title of this research. This research identifies contractions in three categories: standard contractions, negative contractions, and nonstandard forms. Besides identifying the contraction categories, it also describes the phonological processes that occur in each category including assimilation, dissimilation, feature change, feature addition, assertion, and deletion. This research aims to identify the contraction categories and analyze the phonological processes in two albums of songs. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method that emphasizes in-depth observation and provides a detailed description related to data collection and analysis. The theory is used based on the contraction category by Mair's (2006) theory in Losef (2013) Fromkin's (2011) and Roach's (1983) theory regarding the phonological process. The data analyzed in this research produced 68 data and there were 37 words using standard contractions (54%), 12 words using negative contractions (18%), and 19 words using non-standard forms (28%). In the phonological process only found 3 types, namely in the phonological process deletion reaches the highest number with 58 words (85%), while assimilation appears in 8 words (12%), and dissimilation is found in 2 words (3%).

Teacher and students’ awareness of Language use

Tia Gustiani, Irwandi Irwandi — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Language awareness (LA) is a term defined as the knowledge about language and language use which encompasses an awareness of language from the learner’s perspective, an awareness of the learner’s developing inter-language, and an awareness of the extent to which the language content of materials/lessons poses difficulties for students. Teacher language awareness is knowledge about language (subject-matter knowledge) and knowledge of language (language proficiency) of a teacher which is metacognitive nature. Students language awareness includes examining how language varies in a range of social and cultural settings, examining how people’s attitudes vary towards language, and examining how oral and written language affects listeners and readers. There are three types of language use: communicative language practice, structured communication practice, and authentic communication practice. Domains of language use involve three factors: topic, role relation, and locale.